Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was a Catholic priest and leader of the Mexican

 Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was a Catholic priest and leader of the Mexican War of Independence, known as the "Father of the Nation". Born on May 8, 1753, in Pénjamo, Nueva Galicia, he studied philosophy and theology at the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico. Hidalgo's early life was marked by his interest in Enlightenment ideas, which influenced his later actions.

*Key Events in Hidalgo's Life:*

- *Grito de Dolores*: On September 16, 1810, Hidalgo delivered a speech calling for rebellion against the Spanish government, marking the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence.

- *Leadership*: Hidalgo led an army of nearly 90,000 poor farmers and Mexican civilians, achieving initial victories but ultimately facing defeat at the Battle of Calderón Bridge.

- *Capture and Execution*: Hidalgo was captured by royalist forces on March 21, 1811, and executed by firing squad on July 30, 1811, in Chihuahua, Nueva Vizcaya.

*Hidalgo's Legacy:*

- *Father of the Nation*: Hidalgo is recognized as a key figure in Mexico's struggle for independence and is remembered as a national hero.

- *Social and Economic Reforms*: He advocated for the rights of the poor and indigenous people, promoting economic activities and social justice.

- *Complex Legacy*: Hidalgo's actions and legacy are complex, marked by both heroic and violent moments, reflecting the tumultuous period in which he lived ¹.